Lateral torsional buckling of web tappered I beam

Abstract

The design and maximum probable earthquake ground motion are usually specified in term of design response spectra. And the design is usually done using response spectra analysis. In response spectra analysis the structure is assumed to be linear, and the response spectra is used to obtained corresponding maximum response level through standard modal analyses. However, time history analysis is sometimes must be carried out in predicting maximum response level. For example, under maximum probable earthquake condition, most structure will respond in nonlinear manner and modal analyses approach does not apply. When time history analyses have to be performed, ground motion records is needed and have to be selected from those recorded on similar geological conditions. Alternatively, a synthetic ground motion compatible with design spectra should be used. In this paper, a series of ground motion accelerogram compatible with SNI 03- 1726-2002 is presented. The ground motion is developed from a stationary-type waveform which is generated using a set of random numbers consistent with a uniform probability density function. The stationary waveform is then converted into nonstationary waveform using deterministic time function. The procedure to develop a synthetic ground motion follows the procedures described by Penzien and Clough.