Abstract:
This paper examines how different types of secondary activities, either offline or
online, interact with travellers’ personal, travel, and spatial characteristics associated
with the number of engaged secondary activities and commuters’ travel
experience during a morning commute while using bus services of Trans Bandung
Raya (TBR). By focusing on workers and students as productive groups of society
and data collection in 2016, the results of this study found that activities with a high
degree of attention and continuity in engagement will lead to a deactivation of other
secondary activities during travel. While workers tend to deactivate other activities
when they engage with social media or do online and offline socialising, students
tend to have more active attention and continuity in engagements when they do
online activities, particularly listening to music, engaging in social media, and
playing games. Students in Indonesia tend to activate another secondary activities
when they study on the bus such as reading a book or studying online using their
gadgets. On the other hand, workers tend to undertake more activities while listening
to music. Some results opposed with results from Europe and the US that
collected the data in 2008–2012. In 2008–2012, the penetration effect might not be
as massive as in 2016 and the types of online activites might not be as diverse as in
2016 which may make the results in Europe and the US different from this study.
Different contexts among France, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Indonesia may let
the results differ as well. In order to shift some potential travellers to use TBR,
operators can promote the possibility of TBR as a platform to enhance workers’
travel experiences for working purposes and workers’ and students’ travel experiences
for online socialising. However, TBR providers can alter travellers not to perform too many secondary activities during morning commutes in order to avoid people’s neutral experience. Providing more comfort space or facilities in the TBR might increase activities continuity during the trip, create relaxing conditions, and distract intense activity engagement.
