Kajian estetika desain arsitektur Majapahit

Abstract

Majapahit was ancient Indonesia's largest kingdom. Its foundation in AD 1294 by Raden Wijaya whose title Sri Kertarajasa Jayawardhana. The 14-th century reign of Hayam Wuruk, was Majapahit's golden age. During that period Majapahit's power extended to neighboring countries of Southeast Asia. Majapahit. In the field of architecture and visual art Majapahit also developed a specific style that remarkable influence on arts of the next eras. Majapahit had a particular style that different from the old period (Mataram Kingdom) and Indian models. The new style of architecture can be found in Majapahit. Siwa-Budha (syncretism between Hindu, Budha and indigenous belief), the primary belief system in Majapahit has important role for this transforming architectural form. This case proved that the local genius has taken significant role in the design process. In other hand so chinese architecture possible influencing on this style. The objects of this study comprise of 50 can dis of Majapahit heritage and building figure on temple relief (for wood building). The suitable information about the Majapahit can be read on the manuskrip Negarakretagama and Pararaton. Negarakretagama, written by the poet Mpu Prapanca during reign King Hayamwuruk contained a detailed description of Majapahit, in architecture such as royal palace, temples, city, gateway, etc. The architectural heritage of Majapahit can bedivided into three types base on own material' (building with stone/brick, building non stone/brick = wood, and building with combination stone-brick and wood). The purpose of this study is to analyze typocmorphology of Majapahit building and the aesthetic principle composition in its architectural design" in order to identify architectural forms, which are derived from Majapahit's style, possible development and potential application for new functions without loosing its original characteristic. This study is carried out using historical, cultural, and ritual approaches to provide suitable framework for the classification of typo-morphology of Majapahit building (including lay-out, plan, elevation, and detail architectural). Through these procedures, the architectural design principles of each of type Majapahit building can be delineated The study of typo-morphology and aesthetic is concerns with building types including their constituents (structure/element/component) and composition, without eliminating the functional aspect of the objects. Through the -analysis of historical background, original context, and function of each object, a classification of object and essential elements called generic types, can be established. Furthermore in this way Majapahit building. will not be considered only as a type of ancient monument and tourist commodity, but also as a resource for the development of architectural ideas, which is relevant to the present needs, as well as to the establishment of Indonesian architectural identity